Home  ›  Apush American Pageant 15th Edition Chapter 22 Review

Apush American Pageant 15th Edition Chapter 22 Review

Written By Saturday, April 16, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Chapter 22 (15th edition)

The Ordeal of Reconstruction

  1. The Problems of Peace
    1. Following the state of war, many questions lingered, such equally…
      1. What nigh the freed blacks?
      2. How will be South exist re-united with the North?
      3. Who will brand these decisions?
    2. The South had been largely destroyed. It'd have to be rebuilt or reconstructed. How to practice this was uncertain and many Southerners still stood staunchly confronting the North.
  2. Freedmen Define Freedom
    1. Freed blacks, or "freedmen" were in a perplexing situation.
      1. They'd heard that they were free, but well-nigh still stayed on the plantation where they'd e'er lived.
      2. Some blacks fled northward, others sought freedom through the police force.
      3. At that place was violence as well. Some blacks let their frustrations erupt by destroying white homes, land, etc. Sometimes, the white master even had the table turned on him and was whipped by his former slaves.
    2. All slaves were freed somewhen, thank you to the U.S. Ground forces's force.
      1. When emancipation had become a reality, most freedmen still stayed "at home".
      2. Many took flight however, seeking a better life somewhere, or seeking lost love ones who'd been separated at some indicate.
    3. With the blacks' social structure torn downwardly, churches became a potent pillar of the black community. For case, the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) quadrupled in size in 10 years after the Civil State of war.
    4. The prospect of blackness education was a hope, just not necessarily a reality. Discrimination and economic resource still held well-nigh black children out of school. That promise would non go a reality until much later.
  3. The Freedman'south Agency
    1. The freed slaves were largely unskilled, uneducated, and untrained. Congress created the Freedmen'south Bureau sought to remedy those shortfalls.
      1. The agency was essentially an early form of welfare. Information technology was to provide food, clothing, wellness intendance, and education.
      2. Gen. O. O. Howard headed the bureau (and subsequently founded Howard University in D.C.).
    2. The Freedmen's Bureau's success was minimal at best. Its largest achievement came in the form of literacy—instruction many blacks to read.
    3. Unsurprisingly, Southerners disliked the bureau. Pres. Andrew Johnson unsuccessfully tried to kill it, but it expired in 1872 anyhow.
  4. Johnson: The Tailor President
    1. When Lincoln was assassinated, he was succeeded by Andrew Johnson.
    2. Johnson was a Tennessean from very humble origins.
      1. Although Tennessee seceded during the state of war, he was the simply Southern Congressman to not join the South. This fact got him named to exist Lincoln's Vice President in 1864.
      2. He was known equally a fighter, dogmatic, and brusk a quick atmosphere.
    3. Johnson was something of a man-without-a-home. The N never accepted him because he was a Southerner and the South distrusted him because he sided with the North.
  5. Presidential Reconstruction
    1. Before his assassination, Lincoln had devised the presidential plan for reconstruction.
      1. Information technology could be called the "ten Percent Plan" since a southern country would exist readmitted to the U.S. after 10% of the voters took an adjuration of loyalty and respect emancipation.
      2. Like the Biblical parable of the father welcoming home his "prodigal son," the 10% plan was very forgiving. Lincoln was welcoming the render of the wayward Southern states.
    2. Other Republicans disagreed. The "Radical Republicans" idea this approach was as well soft; they wanted to punish the South for the war.
      1. Radical Republicans feared the 10% programme would allow Southern whites to again rule over freed blacks.
      2. They proposed the Wade-Davis Nib. It required l% of voters to take the allegiance oath and safeguards to protect the freed blacks.
      3. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the Wade-Davis Nib and killed it. The dispute revealed differences of opinion on the matter…
        1. Lincoln felt the Southern states had never truly seceded. He wanted them dorsum as quickly every bit possible (re-unification had been his priority #1 from day i in office).
        2. Radical Republicans felt the Southern states had seceded. Therefore, Congress could gear up the rules of re-admittance.
    3. A wrench was thrown into the system when Lincoln was shot and Andrew Johnson took over. What would Johnson think about Reconstruction?
      1. President Andrew Johnson essentially only followed Lincoln'southward 10% Program.
      2. He did add together the following stipulations: (a) leading Confederates were to be disenfranchised, (b) secession ordinances were to be repealed, (c) Confederate debts would be repudiated, and (d) the states must ratify the 13th Amendment.
  6. The Calamitous Blackness Codes
    1. White Southerners now had a problem: without slavery, how could they ensure a stable labor force?
      1. The Southern solution was to laissez passer "Black Codes" which were rules designed to tie the freed blacks to their white employers.
      2. They were contracts that said the blacks were jump to work for whites for a certain time menstruum. "Jumping" the contract (leaving before the time was up) was punishable with fines.
    2. The codes were discriminatory in that blacks were banned from serving on juries, renting land, and could exist punished for "idleness."
    3. Many Northerners wondered, "Isn't this essentially the same as slavery?" The life of an African-America after the Civil War was inappreciably whatever unlike than earlier the war.
  7. Congressional Reconstruction This content copyright © 2010 by WikiNotes.wikidot.com
    1. In December of 1865 many Southern Congressmen returned to Washington to reclaim their seats. Northern Republicans were not tickled. Were things to return to normal every bit if cypher had happened?
    2. While the Southern Congressmen had been gone, Northerners had passed several major bills including: the Morrill Tariff, the Pacific Railroad Act, and the Homestead Act. At present the Southerners were back.
      1. The Southward stood to actually gain power in Congress. With the slaves freed, the 3/5 Compromise was over. Slaves were now a complete five-fifths. This meant the Southern population went upward thereby forcing Southern representation in Congress to go up (and thus the N'south down).
    3. In early December 1865, Pres. Johnson stated that the S had fulfilled all the requirements to render to the U.S. and that the nation was re-united. Radical Republicans in Congress were not happy.
  8. Johnson Clashes with Congress
    1. President Johnson was never accepted by the North or by Congress. Fourth dimension-and-once more he banged heads with Congress, vetoing Republican bills.
      1. Notably, he vetoed the Civil Rights Bill that would grant citizenship to blacks and undercut the Blackness Codes.
    2. Congress and then planned to laissez passer the Civil Rights Bill past making the Fourteenth Subpoena to the Constitution. The Amendment was passed by Congress and sent to the states for their approval. Its proposals…
      1. Ceremonious Rights and citizenship for the freedmen (but not the right to vote).
      2. To cut state Congressional representation if blacks were denied voting.
      3. Butterfingers Confederate leaders from federal offices.
      4. Guaranteeing the federal debt and repudiating the land debt.
    3. The Fourteenth Amendment would be ratified in 1868.
    4. Radical Republicans weren't happy that the right to vote was not included. But, all Republicans were in agreement that Southern states shouldn't be immune back into the U.S. without accepting the Amendment.
  9. Swinging 'Circular the Circumvolve with Johnson
    1. By 1866, President Johnson and Congress were butting heads. At odds were Johnson'due south ten% Plan land which had passed strict Black Codes as well as the Freedmen'due south Agency and Ceremonious Rights Bill (he vetoed both).
      1. Congress was determined to go ahead with Reconstruction just with the ratification of the 14th Subpoena.
    2. In the elections of that year, Johnson went on "'round the circle" speeches. He was heckled by observers and the president yelled dorsum.
      1. Johnson'southward speech bout backfired and Congressional Reconstruction gained back up at the president'due south expense.
  10. Republican Principles and Programs
    1. The Republicans in Congress were now veto-proof to orchestrate Reconstruction how they wanted, without regard to the president. Still, moderate and radical Republicans disagreed.
    2. Radical Republicans were led by Sen. Charles Sumner (of the caning incident) and Thaddeus Stevens in the House. Stevens was a stern, crusty homo with a passion for helping blacks.
      1. The Radicals wanted a slower Reconstruction where they could bring about major social and economic alter to the South.
      2. Moderate Republicans just didn't desire to become quite that far with Reconstruction. They were reluctant to get the federal government straight involved in people'south lives.
    3. The plan they came up with involved both groups, perhaps leaning toward the Moderates.
      1. They did concur that the enfranchisement of blacks was necessary, even if force needed to exist used.
  11. Reconstruction past Sword
    1. The Reconstruction Act was passed in March, 1867.
      1. It divided the South into v military districts. U.S. soldiers would be stationed in each to make sure things stayed under control.
      2. Congress laid out rules for states to be re-admitted. They said (a) the 14th Amendment must be accepted and (b) blackness suffrage must exist guaranteed.
    2. Radical Republicans still worried that even if black suffrage was granted, it could later be removed.
      1. To resolve this once and for all, the 15th Amendment guaranteeing black suffrage was written and would exist ratified in 1870.
    3. The Supreme Court instance of Ex parte Milligan (1866) had already stated that military courts could not try civilians when civil courts were present.
      1. Nevertheless, military rule of the South was stark and hated past the Due south. When the soldiers finally did leave in 1877, power slid back to the white Southerners who constitute new tricks to achieve their old ways.
  12. No Women Voters
    1. Women suffragists had put their campaigns on concur during the struggle for black rights (seeing women and blacks as every bit disenfranchised). But when the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were adopted, women leaders were displeased.
    2. The 14th even made reference to "males" as citizens—a step dorsum in many women's rights' eyes.
      1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought hard to stop the 14th Amendment on the footing of the word "males" entering the Constitution.
      2. Frederick Douglass agreed with the women, but felt it was "the Negro's hour."
      3. Additionally, in the 15th Subpoena read that voting shouldn't be denied based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The ladies wanted the give-and-take "sex activity" added in besides.
    3. When finished, women gained nothing with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.
  13. The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the Southward
    1. Realizing there's strength in numbers, freed blacks began to organize mainly through the Union League.
      1. The League was essentially a spider web of clubs. In it, blacks were informed of their borough duties, built churches, pushed for Republican candidates in elections, sought to solve problems, and even recruited a black militia for defence force.
    2. Despite the changing times, black women made no tangible gains. Their participation came by offer support at parades, rallies, church events, and conventions.
    3. With many white Southerners unable to vote (until taking the oath of fidelity to the U.Southward.) blackness Congressmen were elected.
      1. Hiram Revels became the beginning black U.S. senator and Blanche K. Bruce served in the Senate for Mississippi.
    4. White Southerners were fully disgruntled.
      1. Blacks were now not only costless, but they were serving over the whites in Congress and in state legislatures.
      2. Likewise, scalawags lurked among the whites. They were whites who were sympathetic to the North. Southern whites accused the scalawags of betraying the S.
      3. Carpetbaggers as well maddened Southerners. They were Northerners who came down South after the war with a "carpet bag" (suitcase) in their manus. Some came to honestly help the South, some came to go business, others came to swindle. All-in-all, Southerners frowned upon carpetbaggers equally meddlesome Yankees.
    5. Despite achievements, graft and corruption ran rampant through the Southern governments.
  14. The Ku Klux Klan
    1. Upset whites were driven hush-hush. They started the "Invisible Empire of the South", ameliorate known as the "Ku Klux Klan" in Tennessee (1866).
      1. The KKK thrived on fear—horses were masked, men were masked, no 1 knew exactly who was in information technology.
      2. They burnt crosses, threatened blacks who didn't "know their identify", and lynched and so murdered blacks.
    2. Whatever fool or simpleton who could pull a sheet over his head could run effectually as a Klan spook.
    3. Despite its wrong-headedness and silliness, the Klan was rather effective. Blacks typically did "back-off" from their advances.
    4. Whites used other tricks also. To disenfranchise blacks, whites started literacy tests to weed out illiterate blacks from voting.
      1. Afterwards, when many illiterate whites were also weeded out, "understanding clauses" and "granddad clauses" were put into identify. In these, whites would conveniently understand something read to them while blacks would non. And anyone whose gramps had been able to vote could too vote. This meant whites were grandfathered in, blacks not.
  15. Johnson Walks the Impeachment Plank
    1. The Radical Republicans in Congress were tired of Pres. Johnson and his veto stamp. They plotted to remove him.
    2. The plan was to put the president in a lose-lose situation. Congress passed the Tenure of Part Deed which said the president needed the Senate's okay to fire anyone who'd been previously appointed by him and approved past the Senate.
      1. The argument was that the Senate approved appointees into office, thus the Senate must approve them out.
      2. Congress' ulterior motive was to protect Edwin M. Stanton's job. He was a Radical Republican spy and in hot water with the president.
      3. If Johnson immune Stanton to stay, Congress would be happy.
      4. If Johnson fired Stanton despite the new rule, they would put him up for impeachment for not following the letter-of-the-constabulary.
    3. Sure enough, early in 1868, Pres. Johnson fired Stanton and Congress impeached him—a formal accusation of incorrect doing.
  16. A Not-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
    1. At his Senate impeachment trial, Johnson stayed silent. His lawyers argued that Johnson was operating under the Constitution, not the Tenure of Office Human activity.
    2. To kicking out a president, a 2/3 vote was needed. The Senate vote came short by 1 pregnant Johnson stayed in function.
      1. Seven Republicans voted with their censor and voted to not remove Johnson.
    3. The fear of creating instability and setting a dangerous example were factors in the not-guilty verdict.
  17. The Purchase of Alaska
    1. Russia was willing to sell Alaska in 1867. William H. Seward, the Secretary of Land, was an expansionist. He bought Alaska for $7.2 million.
    2. Seward's determination was not popular at the time. People called it "Seward's Folly," "Seward's Icebox," "Frigidia," and "Walrussia."
    3. Seward would subsequently be redeemed when large deposits of gold and oil were discovered in Alaska.
  18. The Heritage of Reconstruction
    1. To many in the Due south, Reconstruction was worse than the war. They felt browbeaten-down, shamed, and their entire world had been turned upside-down.
      1. The war and Reconstruction besides bred generations of animosity. Southerners would long refer to the Civil State of war every bit the "War of Northern Aggression."
    2. The lot of Southern blacks, despite good intentions, was likely as bad, or even worse, than before the state of war. White Southerners had fought back through sneaky means and were largely successful at "keeping down" the freed slaves.
      1. Truthful change would not come until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950's and 60's, most 100 years later.

This content is copyright © 2010 by WikiNotes.wikidot.com and may not be copied or redistributed. It is protected at world wide web.myows.com.

Except for the 11th edition American History pages, the content of this site is copyright © 2010 by WikiNotes.wikidot.com and may not be copied or redistributed. It is protected at www.myows.com.

Click hither to edit contents of this page.

Click hither to toggle editing of private sections of the folio (if possible). Watch headings for an "edit" link when available.

Append content without editing the whole folio source.

Check out how this page has evolved in the past.

If you want to talk over contents of this page - this is the easiest way to practice it.

View and manage file attachments for this folio.

A few useful tools to manage this Site.

See pages that link to and include this page.

Change the proper noun (also URL address, possibly the category) of the folio.

View wiki source for this page without editing.

View/ready parent page (used for creating breadcrumbs and structured layout).

Notify administrators if there is objectionable content in this page.

Something does not work as expected? Find out what you lot can do.

General Wikidot.com documentation and help department.

Wikidot.com Terms of Service - what you lot tin, what you should not etc.

Wikidot.com Privacy Policy.

blackwellwhost1993.blogspot.com

Source: http://wikinotes.wikidot.com/chapter-22-15

0 Response to "Apush American Pageant 15th Edition Chapter 22 Review"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel